Radical

1. (a.) Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.
2. (a.) Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
3. (a.) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.
4. (a.) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
5. (a.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
6. (a.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.
7. (n.) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.
8. (n.) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.
9. (n.) One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
10. (n.) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
11. (n.) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf. Residue.
12. (n.) A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
13. (a.) A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.